"what are the different types of Kart and Engine manufactures out there"
If you are talking about rotax, then there is only one make of engine, Rotax. You cannot modify it in any way.
In senior Rotax there are two classes Senior Max, and Rotax 177 for heavier drivers where kart and driver weigh 177 kgs.
You can use any legal homologated (ie the manufacturer has registered this model of kart and made a certain number) kart that will tak a Rotax engine and its associated hardware.
Kart sellers will tell you that their kart is faster, prettier, easier to set up and has more options than their rivals. Prices for new karts are in a state of flux at the moment as many (most?) come from abroad and were paid for in Euros, so have become more expensive when buying in Pounds than they were a year ago.
The truth is that as a novice you are unlikely to be able to tell the difference between any two karts, and probably won't manage to even see what anyone is talking about for most of your first year.....with one exception, and that is weight distribution. Since you can adjust the position of the seat on any kart, there's no advantage for any one make there.
Use the search mechanism on this site to find threads on how to set up the weight on your kart and also to find threads on how to test and run your practice days.
As a novice, any kart in reasonable condition (threads on this site to tell you how to tell if the kart you want to buy is straight) is a good start. You will also find threads about how people have bought brand new karts and had them break, so a new kart isn't a guarantee of less trouble.
However, having said all that, you started out talking of Rotax....a decision you possibly shouldn't have made yet.
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