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Linux is a Unix-like operating system but it's very difficult to tie down what Linux "is". It's different things to different people and comes in many different forms. As a basic desktop operating system it's most popular form is Ubuntu (http://www.ubuntu.com). Download and burn it to a CD and you can run it straight from there (reboot your PC). It will be much slower than actual performance but it will give you an idea if you like it. You can run it on top of Windows (search for Ubuntu Wubi) if you don't want a permanent change, dual boot with Windows (you get the choice at startup) or remove Windows at run it on it's own.
Ubuntu is good because it provides an alternative application for all the common Windows software (office, media player, photo and video editing etc) that are often better yet can be a little quirky. Software installation is a piece of cake. You don't download programs and install. Instead you search a software repository and install directly from there. All your software will update automatically.
You'll have zero problems with general security but don't expect everything to be smooth sailing. You will have to do some research when attempting to do anything outside the box as well as bit of research regarding hardware compatibilty. Pretty much without exception for the average user, if it's going to work it will work out fo the box.
Regarding installing Mac on your laptop, the short answer is no you can't. Much of a Mac's stability comes from the fact that it only runs on a very limited subset of hardware with, pretty much, only Apple made software. A Mac can be thought of as an appliance, much like a DVD player. It is what it is. A PC can be thought of as a modular toolbox; you make it what you want it to be.
If you really wanted to install MacOS on your laptop it is possible (it's just a Unix/BSD variant) but it isn't straightforward. Without wanting to be patronising, the fact you're having to ask probably means you won't have the skills to do it.
Regarding Mac and Linux security, it is now no longer fair to say that both are more secure than Windows. Since Vista (which was rubbish incidently) and Windows 7 wer released, Windows has been the most secure, from a technical standpoint. From a user standpoint (i.e. is my PC going to show security based problems), Mac and Linux can still be a better option, depending on your computing requirements. Incidently, at the 2008 Defcon conference, neither Vista, Linux or MacOS were broken into during the first day using network access only. On the second day, the Mac was broken into first though this time using end-user intervention (i.e. spoof websites, click-jacking etc).
I have recently upgraded my PC and installed Windows 7 and I have to say, I'm pretty impressed. I've had no security or stability issues (I didn't with XP either), performance is good, and I don't notice it's there (no annoying popups, "are you sures" or anything like that). It also has some nice usability features.
Hopefully, that represents a fair and balanced response to your question.
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