There is a theoretical advantage in the size of the two sprockets (size, not number of teeth)related to the passage of the chain around the sprocket.
However the data used to calculate the advantage is mainly used for calculating the most efficient size of the sprockets for use in a constant speed environment. So it largely is not applicable to karting which most certainly is not constant speed.
There is another consideration. If you want a certain gear ratio, then a 19 tooth clutch will have a lower number of teeth on the driven sprocket than an equivalent 20 tooth clutch.
eg: if you want a 3:1 ratio then you need a 57 tooth sprocket for a 19tooth clutch and a 60 tooth sprocket for a 20 tooth sprocket. The extra size of the larger sprocket makes it more vulnerable to damage from hitting the track.
It might also be that the ideal ratio for any particular track can only be obtained with a 19 clutch.
eg: Lets say that you wanted exactly 3.947:1, you could obtain that with a 19 clutch 75 rear. with a 20 clutch you could only get 3.9 or 3.95 (78, 79)
It probably wouldn't make any noticeable difference unless your driver was capable of driving each lap reliably to 100th of a second.
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