" The kart infront on the collision appeared to get excluded for defending "
many people read the bit about "more than one change of direction" as permission to make the one change of direction regardless, without considering when that one change becomes "an action to hinder"
Essentially, if the overtake has started then adjusting direction is no longer a defence it is an attack.
14.5 c should then apply, if the offence is regular, if the same driver is often involved in 'defensive moves' pushing other people off the track then the CoC can impose penalties up to and including exclusion.
Unfortunately the rules no longer include obvious measures, like 'karting is not a contact sport' and if you read the rules without bearing that in mind then you can get all sorts of absurdity.
For example, 14.4.2 applies under overtaking, but nowhere is it defined what that is.
F1 says that an overtaking situation exists when a car is in a position to initiate or has initiated an overtake, even if no overlap has yet been established.
Hence a car 'on its own' but aware that another car is moving towards an overtaking situation is allowed to make a defensive move, but the same move in an overtaking situation is 'to hinder'.
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